Bankers Perception on Islamic Banking

Shari’a oversight assumes a fundamental job in the administration of IFIs. It has various structures at full scale and miniaturized scale levels. (Chris Pierce, 1988) Deposits are carefully not considered as credits in the Islamic sense. In the event that it is as cash, at that point he has a commitment to pay Zakat out of it. In the event that these stores are without a doubt advances, at that point it is the banks which should pay zakat on them. In reality,the banks make the contributors pay the zakat , which is bad form. (Alexandra R, Hardie and M. Rabooy, 1991) M. Norain, Ariffin, and M Adnan clarified the discernments and mindfulness among investors in Islamic banks is basic to improve corporate social obligation. M. Norain, Ariffin, and M Adnan disclosed that to satisfy the Islamic needs of the general public, legitimate arrangements have been grown so that there will be no repetitive issues later on identifying with the financial framework and venture. M. Norain, Ariffi n, and M Adnan proposed that Islamic associations, Islamic banks are responsible to Allah and to the networks where they work and have an obligation to be straightforward in the entirety of their exercises. Moral venture presently as of late become an issue in the West, and it is significant in the Islamic world and Islamic Banks must chip away at these standards which satisfy the requirements and duty to the brokers. (Alexandra R. Hardie and M. Rabooy 1991) a genuine inquiry emerges that whether Islamic Banks are keeping to the guidelines about associations. In this setting a few researchers accept that the working accomplice in mudaraba ought not blend the capital of the different providers of assets; in the event that this is done, at that point the issue is intense for the Banks, (Alexandra R. Hardie and M. Rabooy, 1991) Malaysian banks experience economies and yearly efficiency change on a major scale. The last efficiency gauges show that undeniable Islamic banks have conquered a portion of these cost inconveniences with entry of time. Mariani Abdul-Majida, David S. Saalb,* and Giuliana Battistic (2010) The division of Islamic from customary financial administrations may permit directors to more readily concentrate on improving the cost effectiveness of Islamic financial where as in the short run, the new Islamic banks will endure manyr transitional issues. Mariani Abdul-Majida, David S. Saalb,* and Giuliana Battistic (2010) M. Khan and A. Mirakhor (1991) depicts financial framework which depends on Islamic standards is for all time have the disallowance on the installment and receipt of intrigue. This limitation makes Islamic banks not quite the same as budgetary foundations from multiple points of view. Islamic financial framework in Pakistan was embraced in such a way to leave the intermediation job of the financial framework undisturbed. Where as the financial framework in Iran is utilized as an instrument for accomplishing the objectives and targets of the Islamic upheaval. M. Khan and A. Mirakhor, 1991) Islamic Law disallows charging interest. budgetary instruments utilized by Islamic banks are not founded on benefit and-misfortune sharing (value) at the same time, obligation like instruments are a sound reaction by Islamic banks to their contracting surroundings and obligation turns into the prevailing instrument. (K. Aggarwal and Yousaf, 2000) Egypt's Islamic banks, while watching certain Islamic statutes in their tasks, so as to improve their status, these banks satisfies their social strategic empowering their clients as per Islamic requirements. Elizabeth Mayer, 1985) Use of existing Islamic budgetary instruments, for example, zero coupons bonds, paper for exchange fund and unitised protections. There is a need to support auxiliary market improvement with the goal that instruments can be exchanged successfully. (Rodney Wilson, 1991) The extension for improvement of Islamic monetary items is sufficiently huge, such items can assume a significant job encouraging the muslim nation s as well as generally advancing the financial progression. (Rodney Wilson, 1991)

Reflexivity: Crossing That Line Essay -- Ethnography Anthropology Essa

Reflexivity: Crossing That Line Customarily, ethnographic works had consistently been about target investigations of the â€Å"other.† The order endeavors to utilize non-one-sided techniques to research of our subjects to qualify human studies into the classification of science. In any case, an expanding number of anthropologists start to scrutinize the presence of objectivity in hands on work. All the more as of late, a few anthropologists advocate the joining of oneself, or the utilization of reflexivity, in the examination to recognize our predispositions; simultaneously, improve the nature of our ethnographies. Others further state that reflexivity is the best way to finish ethnographies. These recommendations incited concerns and incited extreme reactions among researchers from various territories of study. One contention keeps up that while moderate utilization of reflexivity is important in ethnographic research as exemplified by Dorinne Kondo and Renato Rosaldo, it is hazardous when it is taken exces sively far as did Ruth Behar. Before utilization of reflexivity can be broke down, it is critical to examine what reflexivity is. As its utilization is dubious, to characterize the term is mind boggling task. One approach to portray it is to describe it as a bit of work including oneself and a reflection. Another intend to comprehend the idea is to envision a mirror; and reflexivity is a depiction of the pictures reflected in the mirror, which incorporates â€Å"others† just as the â€Å"self.† Interestingly, despite the fact that we still can't seem to characterize the thought, numerous utilizations and styles of reflexivity exist. Or on the other hand maybe, the trouble to deliver a working definition comes from its wide scope of employments. For instance, Kamala Visweswaran utilizes reflexivity to assess the order in which she has a place †specifically feminis... ...r, human studies is certainly not a sound control and ought to be isolated to accomendate these distinction styles of composing ethnography. In any case, every one of these inquiries and disarrays calls attention to a certain something, that subjectivity is inescapable. Else, we would concede to every one of these issues. In any case, it is these issues that cause inconvenience that make the order alluring, energizing, and advantageous. Reference: [1] Behar, Ruth. 1996. Human sciences that makes you extremely upset. In The Vulnerable Observer: Antrhopology that Breaks Your Heart, pp. 161 â€177. Boston: Beacon Press. [2] Kondo, Dorinne K. 1986. Disintegration and reconstitution of self: ramifications for anthropological epistemology. In social Anthropology 1(1): 74-88. [3] Rosaldo, Renato. 1993. Anguish and a headhunter’s rage. IN Culture and Ttruth: TheRremaking of Social Analysis, pp. 161-177. Boston: Beacon Press.

What Is the ACT Test

What Is the ACT Test? About the ACT Unlike its counterpart, the SAT, the ACT does not measure reasoning and problem-solving skills. Instead, it tests a student's general knowledge, focusing on the skills a child should have learned in high school. Included on the 2 hour, 55 minute test are sections in English, math, reading and science. Students who opt to take the ACT Plus Writing exam have an additional 30 minutes. Also unlike the SAT, there is no penalty for answering any of the 215 questions incorrectly. Related Articles What Is the SAT Test? What Is the SAT Test? Is SAT Test Preparation Necessary? Is SAT Test Preparation Necessary? Pre Employment Tests Pre Employment Tests Registering for the Test You must start thinking about when you want to take the ACT a few months before you plan to take the test. Not only must you register for the test at least a month in advance, but you must also make sure you will receive your results in time to include them with your college applications. The ACT is given six times a year in September, October, December, February, April and June. Most students take the ACT for the first time during the spring of their junior year in high school. Since this is a popular time for students to take the exam, test centers for the April test date can fill up quickly. How to Register Registration for the ACT may be completed online and online registration is the preferred method. Those who are younger than 13, or who do not have a credit card also have the option of registering by mail. When you register for the test, you must also pay the registration fee. Students whose families face economic hardship may register for a fee waiver through their high school counselor and will follow specific directions for using the waiver when registering online. A simple search engine is available to help you find where the test is being offered near you. If your preferred testing center is full, the ACT system will automatically register you for the nearest testing center or you may register for standby testing. A late registration option is also available for an additional fee. Whatever test you register for, make sure you can make your test date because your fees are non-refundable and there is an additional fee for changing your test date or test site.

The Invisible War of Howl - Literature Essay Samples

In interpretations of Allen Ginsbergs â€Å"Howl,† it is common to find the assertion that this wild three-part poem is a diatribe against the evils of capitalism, personified in the poem as the ancient, child-devouring god Moloch. Marjorie Perloffs essay from The Poem That Changed America: Howl Fifty Years Later, argues that the violence and distress found in â€Å"Howl† cannot only be explained by resistance to capitalism, an â€Å"evil† which Perloff argues is equally as strong to this day yet has not inspired anything like â€Å"Howl† since (Perloff 16). Instead, she asserts that Ginsberg, like many of his contemporaries, was reacting to the horrors witnessed in World War II (Perloff 16). The world had been shocked by the Holocaust and the dropping of the atomic bomb, by the realization of what governments and mankind were capable of. In the eyes of Ginsberg, in this post-war era another kind of war was necessary, one against the machinery of American society, one which the heroes of â€Å"Howl† fight valiantly, endlessly. In this sense, â€Å"Howl† can be seen as a battle cry, a war epic with its own villains, its own heroes, and its own triumph of good over evil. It is easy to find the enemy of â€Å"Howl†, as he is named and raged against repeatedly in part II of the poem. The section opens with the question of who is preying on the valiant â€Å"angelheaded hipsters† (9) of part I, who â€Å"bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagination† (21)? The answer we are given is Moloch. Moloch can be seen as the â€Å"stunned government† (21) of post-war America. He can also easily be seen as capitalism, with his soul of â€Å"electricity and banks† (22). The mechanic, military imagery of capitalism is also seen in part I of the poem, with references to â€Å"the iron regiments of fashion† and the â€Å"nitroglycerine shrieks of the fairies of advertising† (6). Yet the danger of Moloch is not simply capitalism or an inept government. Moloch is a demon whose â€Å"mind is pure machinery† and whose â€Å"eyes are a thousand blind windows† (Ginsberg21). The danger of Molo ch is blindness, blindness to the evilness of corrupt governments and the soullessness of capitalism and its â€Å"demonic industries† (22). He is a monster that devours imagination and individuality, replacing it with a mechanic, unquestioning mind. In this one can see a reference to World War II, to the brainwashed public that blindly followed their leader to commit unspeakable acts. However, as Perloff mentions in her essay, â€Å"the violence of the war heroes was honored by the public; the violent acts of Ginsberg and his beat friends . . . were often ridiculed† (Perloff 17). This is because the evil â€Å"Howl†s heroes are raging against is less overt, it is the evil of society that is so engrained in us, that â€Å"enter[s] [the] soul early† (22) so that many of the readers of â€Å"Howl† are blind to its existence. Those who are not blind to the evils of Moloch are called to fight against him. As much as part II of â€Å"Howl† is an attack on the corruption of society, part I is a celebration and a praise of those brave heroes who fight it. These are the heroes who question the accepted, who seek an alternative to the norm, who look for a higher truth in the â€Å"ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo† (9). They are the â€Å"lost battalion† (11) who have â€Å"chained themselves to subways† (10), sacrificing themselves in this war against Moloch. The self-sacrifice of these heroes is clear in the diction of Ginsberg. These soldiers have â€Å"bared their brains,† (9) they have â€Å"cut their wrists† (16) and â€Å"burned cigarette holes in their arms† (13). Society has â€Å"expelled† (9) them and â€Å"burned [them] alive† (16) yet they continue to fight. In these descriptions of immense torture and sacrifice we get an overwhelming sense of Ginsbergs incredible respect for these unsung heroes. We also get a sense of solidarity in Ginsbergs writing as he speaks to Carl Soloman, one such hero thrown into a mental institution for his valiant acts. Ginsberg assures him in part I that â€Å"while you are not safe I am not safe† (19) and repeatedly in part III that â€Å"I am with you in Rockland† (24). This solidarity provides hope and meaning to the actions of the heroes. They are not engaging in random, reckless behaviors but are instead a unified force, fighting the blind machinery of society in every way they can. If one looks at the structure of â€Å"Howl† as mimicking a battle and the content as a metaphor of war, the footnote is the final triumphant blow. The anaphora present throughout parts I-III, with their faithful repetition of â€Å"who,† â€Å"Moloch,† and â€Å"I am with you in Rockland,† creates the steady drumbeat of war, the constant push forward. The epizeuxis that starts off the footnote to â€Å"Howl† sets up the scene for the final height of action in this war, the last bullets being fired and bombs being dropped. The weapon in this final battle is hope, the belief the â€Å"everything is holy† (27), that mankind can be saved from the demonic grips of Moloch. While in the throes of World War II the world was exposed to the terror of what man is capable of doing, we were also reminded that good can triumph evil. Ginsberg holds on to this hope and passes it on to the reader, leaving us certain that the angelheaded hipsters can and will defeat the machinery of Moloch. With his creation of a nontraditional war epic in â€Å"Howl,† Allen Ginsberg depicts the invisible war of post-World War II America, one against blindness and uniformity, against capitalism and the facets of society that were at the same time the most corrupt and the most engrained within the minds of the people. For Ginsberg and his contemporaries, war did not end when Americas soldiers defeated the evil machinery of Hitler, for these soldiers returned home to a society that was a brain-bashing machinery of its own. With â€Å"Howl,† Ginsberg offers a celebration of the unsung heroes who fought in that second war, who may still be fighting, and who, as Ginsbergs footnote suggests, will one day be triumphant.

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Similarities between Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution Animal Farm Animal Farm is a satirical novella by George Orwell, and it can also be understood as a modern fable. The book is about a group of animals who drive away the humans from the farm which they live on, and it is primarily based on the Russian Revolution. Animal Farm is well known as an allegory. Most fables have two levels of meanings. On the surface, the fable is about animals. But on the second level, the animals stand for types of people or ideas. The way the animals interact and the way the plot unfolds say something about the nature of people or the value of ideas. Any type of fiction that has multiple levels of meaning in this way is called an allegory. Links between the Russian Revolution and†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Jones represents the Tsar’s wife, Alexandra. Squealer (pig) - This pig represents the Russian media, which spread Stalin s version of the truth to the masses. Boxer (horse) - Boxer represents the working class. Boxer is portrayed as being a dedicated worker, but as owning a less-than-average intelligence. His personal motto was, I will work harder!† Boxer was very dedicated to his work, but he was actually being tricked by Napoleon. The Dogs – The dogs are the military/police. Shortly after the revolution, several puppies are stolen from their mother. Later on in the book, the puppies are fully grown and trained to protect Napoleon. Moses the Raven – The raven Moses represents the Russian Orthodox Church. In the beginning of the novel, Moses was like a pet to Mr. Jones. He fled the farm shortly after the revolution, but eventually came back. Moses didn’t do any work, but he told the animals stories about a paradise called Sugarcandy Mountain, which is an allegory of Heaven. Benjamin (donkey) – Benjamin represented the skeptical people in and outside of Russia. They weren’t sure whether revolution would change anything. Mollie (horse) – Mollie represents the vain and selfish people in Russia and throughout the world who ignored the revolution and sought residence in more inviting countries. In the book, Mollie eventually flees the Animal Farm to live elsewhere. Mr. FrederickShow MoreRelatedWays of Viewing Animal Farm: Historical Allegory, Fable, and Suspension of Disbelief752 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal farm tells the story of a group of animals rebelling successfully against the previous owner, Mr Jones, who was considered to be a tyrant of animal/manor farm. The farm was planned to be communist place but because of most of the animals gullibility and unintelligence the pigs who where smarter took control and made a hierarchy and exploited the animals. Then eventually the pigs became more like humans doing things like walking on two legs and wearing cloths. However would animal farm beRead MoreEssay Russian Revolution and Orwell526 Words   |  3 PagesRussian Revolution and Orwell Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution have many similarities and ideas. The characters, settings, and the plots are the same. In addition Animal Farm is a satire and allegory of the Russian Revolution, George Orwell meant for it to be that way. My essay will cover the comparison between Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution. Also it will explain why this novel is a satire and allegory to the Revolution. First of all the characters of the farm have a specialRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Farm is of course, a satirical allegory, very specifically of the Russian Revolution and of Stalin (Napoleon in the book), but more generally of revolution, the idealism of utopias, and the way in which people take control of societies founded on principles of equality. It is a satirical allegory of Soviet totalitarianism. Orwell based major events in the book on ones from the Soviet Union during the Stalin era. Orwell, a democratic socialist, and a member of the Independent Labour PartyRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1433 Words   |  6 PagesMay 29, 2017 Animals Farm Research Paper â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.† George Orwell’s novella Animal Farm. Orwell’s goal in writing Animal Farm was to illustrate the 1917 Russian Revolution, and depict a government more tyrannical and oppressive than the one it overthrew. The characters and the events in Animal Farm mirror the Russian Revolution. For example, in the novella Manor Farm is a representation of Russia. Whereas animals like Old MajorRead More Messages of George Orwells Animal Farm Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesMessages of George Orwells Animal Farm Though Animal Farm can be considered nothing more than a charming animal fable depicting a doomed rebellion, its origin is actually of a more serious and political nature. It is not only the tale of Napoleon and Animal Farm, but a satire and commentary on that of the Russian Revolution, Stalin and Communism. For a person to gain a true understanding of Orwells meaning in Animal Farm, it is best that he or she has an understanding of the political partiesRead MoreAnimal Farm Essay855 Words   |  4 Pages The book Animal Farm by George Orwell is a novel comparing the beginning of the Soviet Union to an imaginary country called Animal Farm. Animal Farm is an allegory to the Russian revolution with the rise of Stalin and communism. Some points that compare Animal Farm to the Russian Revolution and its beginning are, the historical similarities of Animal Farm and the USSR, the comparison of Napoleon and Stalin, the suffering of animals that relates to the suffering of Russians under Sta lin, and howRead MoreThe Characteristic Of Snowball By George Orwell885 Words   |  4 PagesCharacteristic of Snowball Animal Farm is an allegorical book which was written by George Orwell. In this book the author represents the important characters of the Russian Revolution. There are many characters in this book. A pig named Snowball is one of them who is based on Leon Trotsky. Leon Trotsky was an early leader in communism (ANIMAL FARM). He had control of the Soviet Union. He followed Karl Marx direction who was leader of communist party and also planner of Russian revolution. Trotsky leaded theRead MoreAnimals Take Over in Animal Farm by George Orwell1370 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, the animals take over the farm and develop their own independent society. Just as it happened during the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell underlies the tension between the oppressed and the exploiting classes between the condescending ideals and harsh realities of socialism. During the course of the literary piece by George Orwell makes it clear how the animals are mistreated by â€Å"Mr. Jones â€Å", because of this treatment they are receiving; OldRead MoreAnimal Farm Film Analysis838 Words   |  4 Pages This essay is a comparative analysis between the film and novel, Animal Farm. Animal Farm was written by George Orwell in 1943 and published on the 17th of August 1945. A motion picture of the novel was later produced on the 29th of December 1954 by director Joy Bachelor. There are many differences and similarities between the novel and film involving the use of characters, symbolism, themes, dialogue and events. Animal farm was a successful novel as the length was 112 pages, therefore the movieRead MoreThe Point Of View Of Communism, Marxism And Totalitarianism1879 Words   |  8 PagesANIMAL FARM BY GEORGE ORWELL Review the novel with the point of view of communism, marxism and totalitarianism. Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell and the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. This novel is about the oppressors and the oppressed and about the different ideologies used by oppressors to manipulate the farm animals

The World Of Computer Programming - 887 Words

Douglas Braun was born in Cambridge Ohio, 1945. He has done a lot with his life so far and refuses to stop. He now runs a computer programming company called Internet Payment Exchange, righting computer programs for large business to transfer money. You might have said he was an exception to Outliers when he would barley pay attention in school but somehow know everything. Much like Outliers the more you examine the less of an exception they might be to Gladwell s book. 1949 Von Neumann had just invented the first computer programming language. As we learned form Outliers this was a long and grueling process with many hours spent writing and changing cards to complete your program. Then two years later in 1951 Grace Hopper invented the first compiler. A compiler turns Von Neumann s computer language into an easier form, there it can directly go into the computer without any manual work. This was amazing in the world of computer programming because of its speed and ease compared to the old language. It wasn t until 1957 that a big change came. The first major language of computer programming was here, in the form of FORmula TRANslating system, in short FORTRAN. FORTAN was almost its own language itself for computer programmers allowing them to do things they never could have when programming. For Douglas this is an obvious advantage being born in the perfect time era. Then in 1958 John McCarthy invented a LISP processing language. What was special ab out this was thereShow MoreRelatedComputer Programming In Primary And Secondary Education.1114 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Programming in Primary and Secondary Education Dylan Baiko It is important for students to come out of grade school equipped with skills relevant to today’s society. Therefore, computer programming should be full integrated into school curriculum from kindergarten to grade 12. Today’s society is becoming more and more reliant on computer technology. It is a tool used everywhere and it is impotent to understand how it works in our daily lives. Therefore, computer programming is a necessaryRead MoreProgramming for a Better Future647 Words   |  3 PagesPrograming for a Better Future The world has become extremely depended on technology. But hardly anyone takes time to think about all the hard work that has been put into creating the technology and programs. Computer programing is a vast field with many different categories. The different subcategories are desktop application programming, core programming, system programming, and programming science. Within the different categories there are subcategories. The different subcategories contain variousRead MoreEssay on Computer Programming Languages: Fortran1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthe thousands of different programming languages. 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Programmers use different programming languages in theirRead MoreInformation Technology And Its Impact On Travel, Education, Healthcare, Social, And Entertainment1052 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Information technology has helped shaping the world. Both in business and society, information technology has an impact on travel, education, healthcare, social and personal communication and entertainment. (Ramey, 2012) In this short paper, I intend to highlight the role of information technology along with the significance of each of its components and how they are interconnected in the overall system. Information technology is built with five core components. I will highlight significanceRead MoreThe Problem Of Computer Programming Education974 Words   |  4 Pagesinternational competitiveness. But since the start of the program in 2009, the importance of computer programming education is still being misunderstood and inadequately addressed. Though the administration has tried to get more technology into schools, it’s failed to teach kids what could really help them compete internationally which is coding. Computer programming is the driving force behind all forms of computer technology. Without programmers, these machines could be more innovative and capable thanRead MoreGrace Murray Hopper:The Spark for the Information Explosion Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesMany people today complain about how slow their computer is. They claim it takes forever to boot up, has slow internet, and can’t run the latest game. But, can you imagine if you didn’t have a computer at all? Nowadays, computers have revolutionized almost everything: mail, news, business, marketing, schools, and even gaming. They are trusted with humanly-impossible tasks and are many people’s main gateway to the real world. Have you ever given thought to who is to thank for all of this? Was itRead MoreExamples Of Software For Disabled Operators1248 Words   |  5 PagesSoftware for Disabled Operators For individuals without the proper aids, a physical or developmental disability can hinder their ability to live a productive life. In today’s technology-dependent world being unable to access a computer or other mobile device is not only inconvenient, it can seriously inhibit access to employment and services, as well as social media. Assistive software designed to bridge the gap between the user and the interface is crucial to helping those with disabilities gainRead MoreComputer Science Is The Study Of Principals And How The Computers1207 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Science is the study of principals and how the computers works. Which leads to computer programming. What is computer programming? Well computer programing is a process that leads from an original formulation of computing problem to executable computer programs. You wonder why this is so important to everybody, but it is very important since things you will use in your daily life had to be programmed to be ab le to work. For example writing this paper I am using Microsoft Word which had toRead MoreWhy I Want to Become a Computer Programmer Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesHistory and Origins: When computers started coming out, computer companies need people to program operating systems and programs for them. Seeing that you sat at a desk all day, it was seen as a easy career choice, but with little pay. So computer programming as a career, was dominated by women in the 60s. Soon though, men dominated the field through discrimination and needs for a job. The Job field was getting paid more so companies wanted to hire â€Å"higher quality† employees, and that meant men

Essay on The Finale of Evil in Orwells Shooting an Elephant

In â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† Orwell faces a dilemma: whether or not to kill the elephant. With his final decision, the elephant finally lays dead in front of thousands of people. He explains that he was forced to shoot it because the Burmese people were expecting him to do that. In addition, he has to do it â€Å"to avoid looking like a fool† (14) in front of the crowd. At first glance, one would think that it makes sense for him to kill the elephant to save his face, but that was not the case. He effectively uses this incident to demonstrate the â€Å"real nature of imperialism† (3), where the elephant represents the British Empire. Orwell is ambivalent about the Burmese people. At the beginning of his essay, he recalls how Burmans treated him when†¦show more content†¦However, the crowd expects him to shoot it. They want to kill it not because it destroyed the bazaar, but rather, to enjoy the fun and to get the elephant meat. The crowd’s expe ctation leaves Orwell no choice but to shoot the elephant. He points out that he shot it to â€Å"impress the ‘natives’† (7). If he had not done it, the crowd would have laughed at him, and it would have hurt his pride as a white man living in the East. The elephant, in this case, represents imperialism. Orwell, being in the middle of imperialism and the Burmese people, does not want to destroy imperialism in the first place even though he did not like the way it treated the innocent Burmese people. However, seeing the elephant destroying Burmese’s homes and lives, he finally realizes what imperialism had done to the people of Burma. The Indian man who died represents the fact that Burmese people were defenseless against the British; they were poor and had neither the strength nor â€Å"the gut to raise a riot† (1) against imperialism regardless of how much they hated it. Even though he does not destroy imperialism like the way he did to the elephan t, he believed that it would be destroyed one day for the evil things that it has done. As illustrated by Orwell, the people of Burma, in killing the elephant, paint the picture for how they wanted imperialism to be killed. His reason for killing the elephant to look good in front of the crowd is simply an excuse for wanting to overturn

Discussion Concerning Lliberty International Relation

Question: Discuss about Discussion Concerning Lliberty for International Relation? Answer: Discussion concerning liberty and equality is one of the most significant topics in political science. Questions based on the compatibility of liberty and equality is a much-debated theme in the field of political philosophy and economics. The political and the social philosophers particularly find it difficult to balance the conflicting interests that are embedded in the two concepts. According to Seagrave (2015), liberty and equality forms the primary component of the constitutional government. However, research suggests that the fellowship of liberty and equality under the constitutional government is an unproblematic one. A society characterized by liberty and equality recognizes an inherent conflict that exists between the two mentioned values[1]. The value of liberty provides a platform for the people where they are free to think, speak and act without violating the freedom and the right of others. On the other hand, equality emphasizes on the fact that all individuals must be treated equally with dignity and shall be given a fair chance to embrace opportunities for education, success, and political involvement[2]. In fact, both the values are competitive in broader aspect even but are not compatible with one another. Thus, the present essay will specifically emphasize on the argumentative values that arise taking into consideration the viewpoint surrounding whether liberty and equality are supporting or conflicting values. Liberty and Equality are the two primarily values regarding which many discussions is under process in the recent years. Over the past few years, research suggests that man's quest for liberty has been as insatiable as his quest for equality[3].Taking into consideration the viewpoint of the overall subject many arguments and statements has been put forwarded by a group of writers highlighting the two basic understandings. One aspect highlight that both liberty and equality complies with one another while another set of aspect emphasizes that liberty and equality are two conflicting values that lie in conflict with one another. Thus, though lies a close relationship between the two values, millions of study suggest that there has been no effective relationship liberty equality[4]. According to George (2013), Liberty and Equality are the two values that are closely related to one another. No value of liberty exists in absence of equality. Thus, the identical conditions are being viewed from various scenarios. The morals symbolize two sides of a same coin. In accordance with Shaw (2013), the two of the most ardent advocates Lord Acton and De Tocqueville found that there has been no stable relationship between liberty and equality. According to them, liberty and equality are opposite and adversative to one another. Lord Acton once stated, "the passion for equality made vain the hope for liberty". On the other hand, the viewpoint of Lord Acton and De Tocqueville are highly condemned by the political thinkers of the modern era. Professor H.J. Laski in this connection pertinently remarked "to persons so ardent for liberty as Tocqueville and Lord Acton, liberty and equality, are antithetic things[5]. It is a drastic conclusion. But it turns, in the case of both men, upon a misunderstanding of what equality implies". In context of the present day scenario, it is believed that both equality and liberty goes hand in hand with one another. Research suggest that if a person is provided with uncontrollable liberty to do whatever he likes, he might end up in causing hard to others[6]. This will lead to confusion in the society. In the nineteenth century, the Individualists negatively interpreted the term liberty. No stress was put upon the importance of economic equality. Stress was given particularly to the theories of Laissez Faire[7]. This led to the adaptation of the Formula of Demand and Supply, which was applied particularly by England and many other neighboring countries of Europe for understanding the correlation between liberty and equality, which in turn lead to a severe consequence. As a result, a grave reaction took place against Individualism' that resulted in the birth of Socialism'. Liberty has thereby no definite connotation in the absence of equality. Eminent individual Professor Laski specifically remarked, Where here are rich and poor, educated and uneducated, we always find a relation of master and servant[8]. Laski went on exploring the views of earlier thinkers who in their opinion has mistakenly regarded liberty and equality as antithetic things specifically in case Tocqueville and Lord Acton. Tocqueville particularly emphasized on the possibility of tension that existed between liberty and equality but as stated in the above discussion he also stressed on the chances of reconciling them. Unlike Laski, Tocqueville pointed out that there exists no relation between liberty and equality but at one point, they reconciled with one another. As per the research based on Vecchione et al. (2013), political liberty cannot be established without equality. While understanding the Professor Jaffa's well-written book indicates there lays a basic competition between equality and liberty and the two values do not lie in compliance with one another[9]. The book specifically highlighted the general acceptance of the co-existence of the two mentioned values. Professor Jaffa gave priority to equality, whic h helped in strengthening the dominancy of equality over liberty. He considered liberty as an implication of equality. Mr. Pittman, an Attorney of Law, argues regarding the fact that equality' is inimical to liberty. Professor Jaffa's belief concerning the balance between liberty and equality rather than giving priority to equality can also by highlighted by gathering information regarding the acceptance of the idea that has been drafted in the Constitution (Stingl 2012). Research in R.H. Tawney helped in highlighting his remark, which stated, a large measure of equality, so far from being inimical to liberty, is essential to it[10]. Consequently eminent economist Pollard in his statement put forwarded the idea that equality is the only solution to the problems arising due to liberty. Thus, Liberty and Equality lies in complementary to one another, and the two values cannot be opposed to each other and thereby goes hand in hand with one another. H.A Dean also supported the associati on of the viewpoint. According to him, liberty and equality are not in conflict nor even separated but are different facts of the same idea. Indeed, since they are identical, there can be no problem how or to what extent they are or can be related; this surely the nearest, if not the most satisfactory solution ever devised for a perennial problem in political philosophy.[11] Equality is a multidimensional concept and hence diverse opinions are put forward in finding the exact relationship that exists between the concepts associated with the two values. According to Ciulla (2013), the desire to achieve equality destroys the opportunity to have full liberty as the achievement of equality demands positive state action. Equality demands a positive state; while liberty demands for negative state. The Elite theory of Democracy lies against the principle of equality[12]. The contrasting ideas that have developed with respect to the understanding of the two values thereby helped in better understanding of the concepts underlying the two values. In accordance with the studies from Okun (2015), it can be further stated that for promoting the values of personality and personal development, liberty and equality have a common end. L.T. Hobhouse in his speech opined that the liberty cannot be attained without equality and thus stated, Liberty without equality is a hig h-sounding phrase with filthy results. Liberty lies in equality and Liberty without equality degenerates in to license and equality without liberty lapses into consistency. Professor Barker in his opinion regarding the understanding of the association between the two values stated, Equality in all its forms, must always be subjected and instrumental to the free development of capacity; but if it is pressed to the length of uniformity; if uniformity is made to thwart the free development of capacity, the subject becomes the master, and the world is turned topsy-turvy[13]. The diversity between liberty and equality has also been described as the clash between opportunity and security. With the idea of competition and contrast between liberty and equality, there developed the notion taking into consideration of the fact that the two ideas are similar or identical. Constitutionally, liberty and equality have been shaped and redefined by the philosophy of minimum government. With referen ce to Reason and Faith in Modern Society, Eduard Heimann raised the old problem that highlights the issue of compatibility that existed between liberty and equality in the political community. In his ideology, he asserted, everything in the institutions of democracy hinges on the reconciliation of liberty and equality.[14] Heimann further contrasted this position of his with respect to what he calls "rationalist development," where he further turned "the two halves of the democracy" and placed them at opposite extremes with respect to the fateful dialects. His vision on the both the varieties of " social rationalism" thus stated that one variety has developed liberty at the expense of equality while the second variety enforced equality at the expense of liberty[15]. Thus, both came into existence from the vision of democracy in which Heimann tried to show that the values of opposite values of liberty and equality reconciled with one another. Thus, from the viewpoint of Heimann, it w as taken into consideration that the liberal freedom without equality and the total equality without freedom serves as a backdrop[16]. Thus, the formal analysis makes it clear that there have been an enormous number of views of human nature behind every theory of liberty and equality that either reconciled with one another or has been put forwarded as a concept of two separate poles. According to the research based on the works of Brennan and Hamlin (2013), it is thus very much important to examine the compatibility of liberty and equality under conditions of total inequality and total equality and the partial equality. The compatibility between liberty and equality disappears where there is no existence of equality. To many of the economist reformers, one might regard the demand for liberty as demand for the abolition of the unnatural inequalities generated by history and taking into consideration the viewpoint liberty and equality are seen as brothers. This argument does not stand up to closer examination. According to Leacock (2015), if liberty is defined in terms of the reestablishment of the natural state of complete equality, the theory abolishes the realization of itself in which it has been substantially stated that men exist in total natural equality, and thus all behaviors reach beyond the reach of liberty[17]. A condition of complete equality would not only put an end to its relationship with liberty but will also help in reducing the procession of the ongoing events. Considering whether equality is a condition of liberty or whether it lies incompatible with each other that affects the whole conception of the concept that lies between equality and liberty. Taking into consideration the viewpoint of the Marxist thesis the conditions of economic equality precisely makes the necessary conditions of liberty possible. According to the research based on Hayek and Harowy (2013), liberty and equality are the two components of the political values that are highly incompatible to one another. Equality is an aid to liberty. Tawney in his famous speech on political and economic reform aptly stated that a large measure of equality, so far being inimical to liberty, is essential to it.According to Rawls, the conception of justice also plays a key role in realizing the basic institutions of the values of liberty and equality[18]. Rawls theory thereby helped in specifying the values of equality and liberty that are discussed within the theory of justice[19] In this concept, Rawls specifically maintained the two principles of justice that are the specific form, which is able to realize the principles of equality and liberty. Thus, taking into consideration the context of the two stated principles of justice, the thesis supported his claim regarding the fact that the principles of justice effectively represented the values of liberty and equality. Rawls further explained the relationship between the two principles tha t is created based on priority rules[20]. Thus, the equality and the liberty are the two moral conceptions. Rawls tension between the equality and the liberty are the prime source of the crisis in the modern society and thus attempts a proper compromise for solving the argument. Thus, in order to determine the tension between the equality and liberty, Rawl proposed his two principles of justice that provided the rule for how the fundamental institutions help in realizing the different values of liberty and equality. Juan Stuart Mill thought on the concept of liberty and equality once again proved that the two concepts are complementary to one another[21]. He correctly analyzed from the perspective of social welfare and for this reason, Mill's opinion on the economic equality is necessary is establishing the essential liberty. Even in the 18th century, Roussoue argued that freedom is not possible without equality. Further analyzing the correlation between the liberty and the equality , Barker observed that equity is not a detached principle, and it stands in favor of the principles of liberty and fraternity[22]. Thus, taking into the viewpoint of the above economists it is seen that liberty lied in compliance with the concept of equality. Hence, from the above discussion it is concluded that the enlargement of the rich varieties of personalities provides a large evaluation of liberty and thereby forbids several attempts that imposed a grave intensity of social and economic equality. Liberty unites men while equality particularly emphasized on the criticism based on the social hierarchy and thereby contributed towards the stability of the community. Upon analyzing the argumentative values that popped up during the discussion helped in understanding the underlying concept that helped in showcasing the association and the conflict that exists between the two values. Therefore, liberty is hollowed without the same measure of equality and equality is meaningless without liberty. Views based on the argumentative values also helped in analyzing that political equality is a mockery in the absence of economic equality. Furthermore the discussion suggest that all the democratic institutions of the world have also incorporated l iberty and equality in their constitution which commonly aims for the development of the human personality and thereby make life more worthy. Thus, it can be finally concluded that liberty without equality is narrow and equality without liberty is monotonous and both o them is an essential phenomenon for the existence of the human race. References Brennan, Geoffrey, and Alan Hamlin. "Conservative value."Public Choice Society(2013). Bufacchi, Vittorio. "Justice, Equality, Liberty."Social Injustice. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. 111-122. Ciulla, Joanne B.Leadership ethics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2013. Esteban, Joan, Gilat Levy, and Laura Mayoral. "Liberty, Equality, Religiosity."4th International Conference on Economics of the Turkish Economic Association. 2014. Franklin, Cary. "Marrying Liberty and Equality: The New Jurisprudence of Gay Rights."Virginia Law Review(2014): 817-891. George, Nichole. "For Liberty and Equality: The Life and Times of the Declaration of Independence."American Nineteenth Century History14.3 (2013): 357-358. Hayek, Friedrich August, and Ronald Hamowy.The constitution of liberty: The definitive edition. Vol. 17. Routledge, 2013. Joseph-Gabriel, Annette K. "Creolizing Freedom: FrenchCreole Translations of Liberty and Equality in the Haitian Revolution."Slavery Abolition36.1 (2015): 111-123. Laborde, Ccile. "Equal liberty, non-establishment and religious freedom."Journal of Legal Theory, Forthcoming(2012). Leacock, Stephen.Our Heritage of Liberty-Its Origin, Its Achievement, Its Crisis. Read Books Ltd, 2015. Okun, Arthur M.Equality and efficiency: The big tradeoff. Brookings Institution Press, 2015. O'neill, Martin. "Political values, principles of justice, and property-owning democracy."Property-owning democracy: Rawls and beyond(2012): 75. Schwartz, Shalom. "Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying."The psychology of values: The Ontario symposium. Vol. 8. Psychology Press, 2013. Seagrave, S. Adam.Liberty and Equality. University Press of Kansas, 2015. Shaw, Bernard.Maxims for revolutionists. Zhingoora Books, 2013. Stingl, Michael. "Equality and efficiency as basic social values."Readings in Health Care Ethics(2012): 67. Tsesis, Alexander.For Liberty and Equality: The Life and Times of the Declaration of Independence. Oxford University Press, 2012. Tyler, Colin.The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom: Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green. Vol. 5. Andrews UK Limited, 2015. Vecchione, Michele, et al. "Voting and values: Reciprocal effects over time."Political Psychology34.4 (2013): 465-485. West, Robin. "Liberty, Equality, and State Responsibilities: Review of Corey Brettschneider's When the State Speaks, What Should It Say?."Brooklyn Law Review79.3 (2014): 5. [1] Tyler, Colin.The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom: Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green. Vol. 5. Andrews UK Limited, 2015. [2] Tsesis, Alexander.For Liberty and Equality: The Life and Times of the Declaration of Independence. Oxford University Press, 2012. [3] Franklin, Cary. "Marrying Liberty and Equality: The New Jurisprudence of Gay Rights."Virginia Law Review(2014): 817-891. [4] Seagrave, S. Adam.Liberty and Equality. University Press of Kansas, 2015. [5] West, Robin. "Liberty, Equality, and State Responsibilities: Review of Corey Brettschneider's When the State Speaks, What Should It Say?."Brooklyn Law Review79.3 (2014): 5. [6] Bufacchi, Vittorio. "Justice, Equality, Liberty."Social Injustice. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. 111-122 [7] Leacock, Stephen.Our Heritage of Liberty-Its Origin, Its Achievement, Its Crisis. Read Books Ltd, 2015. [8] Esteban, Joan, Gilat Levy, and Laura Mayoral. "Liberty, Equality, Religiosity."4th International Conference on Economics of the Turkish Economic Association. 2014. [9] O'neill, Martin. "Political values, principles of justice, and property-owning democracy."Property-owning democracy: Rawls and beyond(2012): 75 [10] Bufacchi, Vittorio. "Justice, Equality, Liberty."Social Injustice. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. 111-122. [11] Brennan, Geoffrey, and Alan Hamlin. "Conservative value."Public Choice Society(2013). [12] Hayek, Friedrich August, and Ronald Hamowy.The constitution of liberty: The definitive edition. Vol. 17. Routledge, 2013. [13] Laborde, Ccile. "Equal liberty, non-establishment and religious freedom."Journal of Legal Theory, Forthcoming(2012). [14] West, Robin. "Liberty, Equality, and State Responsibilities: Review of Corey Brettschneider's When the State Speaks, What Should It Say?."Brooklyn Law Review79.3 (2014): 5. [15] Vecchione, Michele, et al. "Voting and values: Reciprocal effects over time."Political Psychology34.4 (2013): 465-485. [16] Schwartz, Shalom. "Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying."The psychology of values: The Ontario symposium. Vol. 8. Psychology Press, 2013. [17] Vecchione, Michele, et al. "Voting and values: Reciprocal effects over time."Political Psychology34.4 (2013): 465-485. [18] Esteban, Joan, Gilat Levy, and Laura Mayoral. "Liberty, Equality, Religiosity."4th International Conference on Economics of the Turkish Economic Association. 2014. [19] George, Nichole. "For Liberty and Equality: The Life and Times of the Declaration of Independence."American Nineteenth Century History14.3 (2013): 357-358 [20] Laborde, Ccile. "Equal liberty, non-establishment and religious freedom."Journal of Legal Theory, Forthcoming(2012). [21] Franklin, Cary. "Marrying Liberty and Equality: The New Jurisprudence of Gay Rights."Virginia Law Review(2014): 817-891. [22] Stingl, Michael. "Equality and efficiency as basic social values."Readings in Health Care Ethics(2012): 67.

Motivation Concepts and Skill Building

Question: Discuss about theMotivationfor Concepts and Skill Building. Answer: Introduction One of the issues that can be identified during the motivation of the employees is leadership. It is a part of any organization that enhances the organization for the growth and development of it. Leaders are not being confused with the managers. Leaders are those individuals who guides and motivates the employees according to different prospects, as different employees have different thinking and the visualizing power towards their work, leaders helps them accordingly. Directing the team is considered as one of the prime challenges faced by leaders worldwide. Directions are like team building, developing a team, as well as managing the team are there responsibilities and this is where they face the challenges. Every now and then, managers find it difficult in instilling pride in his/her team or ways to support the team, leading a team with a considerable number of workforce, and things to consider while taking over a totally new team. I have sufficient knowledge in case of employee motivation as I have a human resources management degree from a good university. I also have worked as an HR and headed many meetings, engagements and surveys in employee motivation in numerous companies. I also have worked as a Line Manager in the U.K. for several years from which I have gathered enough experience. I am writing the essay with the help of my accumulated experience only. I initially came to know about the importance of motivating employees as I read about the issue in almost every organization throughout the planet theoretically. However, experienced it practically as I started working as an HR. I started realizing that to have productive and consistent production, the employees have to be motivated all the time so that they can excel their productivity every time. However, if any policy regarding employee motivation is not in place, it becomes very hard to have a consistency in running the business. The reason being happy employees are more productive, focused and loyal towards their employer. If employer takes care of their employees, employees will also take care of their employer. This symptom is noticeable everywhere in the world. When I started working, I was put into a team of four. There I was the only one who had good handle in spoken English. My degree in HR helped me a lot to help my employers to have a robust employee motivation policy in place. Several challenges are being faced by the leaders while developing and grooming the team. Bringing in change is another challenge for the most of the managers. They sometimes goof up uniting, accepting and eventually leading the change within the team. Guiding change may include processes of mitigating consequences, overcome resistance to change, and deal with employees reaction to change. Internal Stakeholders are need to be managed accordingly and politics acts as a challenge of working with the relationships, image and politics. This challenge includes gaining support from the managerial end and dealing up and getting buy-in from different departments, teams or individuals Realizing that these difficulties are normal encounters for center and senior chiefs is useful to both the pioneers and those accused of their advancement, as per our specialists. People can profit by knowing their encounters as pioneers are more comparative than various and can feel more certain about connecting with others to help them learn and confront these difficulties. At first I expect that we have to comprehend what motivation is before we can comprehend why there are piles of motivational theorys. I suspect that that we need will understand what is motivation before understanding what the reasons of various motivational hypotheses are. "Motivation" starts from the Latin word movere, implying 'to move' which initiates as conviction, need, feeling and commonplace state which encourages a man to make a move. A man's execution at work is affected by a few individual parts (Personality, attitudes and feelings, motivation, insightfulness) yet particularly, by Motivation. The word reference depicts motivation as "the motivation driving why some individual achieves something or acts particularly". There are two fundamental sorts of motivation hypotheses and process theories, the substance hypotheses look at the necessities that individuals have, it joins 4 section hypotheses: Maslow's dynamic approach of prerequisites model, Alderfer's balanced need chain of significance model, McClelland's achievement motivation theory and Herzberg's two-enlist theorys. The Process Theories are a vitality about the perspective that effect facilitate. The huge method theorys of motivation join Vroom's foresight theory, target setting theory, and post theory and Adams' respect supposition. Physiological necessities are sustenance, drink, safe house and sex, Safety needs are the security and protection from physical and red hot harm. Social needs suggest a requirement for adoration. That concludes a man will endeavor mind boggling relationship with people and a place inside there get-together. The prerequisites that Maslow has at the create of the pyramid depend in light of key needs stressed with survival or lower deal with prerequisites, and these must be satisfied before a man can go to the running with level on the chain of criticalness of necessities until self-confirmation which Maslow fought that dismissing the way that everybody can, passably few complete this level. In all motivation theorys there are constantly extraordinary conditions and weights, Maslow has been cautious about his theory himself, in an introduction he conveyed: "My motivation theory was appropriated 20 years back and in all that time nobody repeated it, or tried, or truly detached it or chided it. They fundamentally used it, swallowed down it with basically the minor change" Clayton Alderfer proposed the ERG theory, which is on an incredibly essential level the same as Maslow's theory, it in like way outlines needs as a chain of giganticness. The letters ERG stay for three levels of necessities: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth. This hypothesis relies on upon the work of Maslow, so it has a ton which is equivalent with it regardless it in like route differences in some fundamental edges. He fights that Maslow's theory is not versatile and along these lines of this people may twist up obviously stunned as they are not set up to move to the running with stage. Alderfer has kept Maslow's five level theorys into three levels; this theory is more versatile as people can go wherever all through the dynamic structure if their necessities keep advancing. Fredrick Herzberg's cleanliness motivation theory, Frederick Hertzberg incited certain components in the working environment cause work fulfillment, while others impel disappointment, he proposed the 'Two Factor theories of human motivation in the working environment, he recognized that man has two frameworks of necessities one as a creature to dodge torment and the second as a man to develop reasonably. Hertzberg expect that the advance or the begin pieces, for example, accomplishment, the work its self, obligation and advance are the essential driver of occupation fulfillment. Cleanliness finds the dissatisfies utilizing the expression "cleanliness" are considered upkeep recognize that are to keep up an imperative partition from disappointment however with no other person's data don't give fulfillment union structure, affiliation, supervision social affiliations, working conditions pay status and security. Hertzberg utilized two open finished demand 'exhibit me concerning a period when you felt unfathomably dumbfounding about your occupation.' and 'edify me with respect to a period when you felt outstandingly shocking about your work'. Herzberg separated a substitute level of experts twelve unmistakable examinations instructed the theory. There have been particular reactions of this theory one being two or three specialists have utilized unmistakable structures and have not could affirm the theory there for the hypothesis is said to be method bound beginning late Hertzberg's novel system can maintain the hypothesis. Diverse faultfinders watched it to be exorbitantly valuable that Hertzberg's hypothesis fits so amiably into two boxes, traditional adding to work fulfillment and outward to demolished longing. In the audit by Ewan (1963) found that now and again the cleanliness figure, confounds gone about as satisfiers and satisfiers, accessories brought on both fulfillment and disarray. Looking all the all the more astonishing motivational hypotheses David McClelland Need for Achievement Theory prescribed that a man's particular needs are secured after some time and are kept by a people enlightening encounters. A titanic piece of the necessities can be classed as accomplishment, affiliation, or power. An individuals motivation in a specific business is influenced by these three needs. McCelland expected that having the correct assets accessible, for example, grungy materials, time, having the correct abilities to finish the occupation and in addition having the key support to do what should be done like specialist support, or right data at work, McCelland recognized that paying little character to the probability that two of the three were met that there would at present not ensure motivation and every one of the three must be met to satisfy accommodating motivation. The yearning theory of motivation is by Victor Vroom. Victor Vroom is unmitigated differing to Maslow and Hertzberg, Vroom concentrates on results not on necessities. Aching is the conviction that more exertion will instigate better execution. Looking theorys of motivation I expect that there are particular theories of motivation as there is neither an unavoidable reality hypothesis all appear to graph the stray bits of motivation air it is in a pecking asking for or set in two boxes we when all is said in done in all have a fundamental for the basics in life disregarding accomplishment, announcement and we as a whole in all things considered future more happy and more persuaded to work in better conditions, I recognize that a man has every one of these necessities at or possibly special immediately so there for a couple of theorys are critical to get a more wide learning of motivation and how to breath life into a man at most distant point. Bibliography Beehr, T.A., 2014.Psychological stress in the workplace (psychology revivals). Routledge. Certo, S., 2015.Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., 2014. The importance of universal psychological needs for understanding motivation in the workplace.The Oxford handbook of work engagement, motivation, and self-determination theory, pp.13-32. Griffin, M.A. and Hu, X., 2013. How leaders differentially motivate safety compliance and safety participation: the role of monitoring, inspiring, and learning.Safety science,60, pp.196-202. Herzberg, F., 2013. One more time: how do you motivate employees? Havard Bus Rev. SeptemberOctober. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Niemiec, C.P. and Spence, G.B., 2017. Optimal Motivation at Work.The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths?Based Approaches at Work, pp.82-98. O'Neil, H.F. and Perez, R.S., 2013.Web-based learning: Theory, research, and practice. Routledge. Shah, S.M., Zaidi, S., Ahmed, J. and Rehman, S.U., 2016. Motivation and retention of physicians in primary healthcare facilities: a qualitative study from Abbottabad, Pakistan.International Journal of Health Policy and Management,5(8), p.467. Wright, B.E., Christensen, R.K. and Isett, K.R., 2013. Motivated to adapt? The role of public service motivation as employees face organizational change.Public Administration Review,73(5), pp.738-747.

It is a worthy defeat Review Essay Example

It is a worthy defeat Review Paper Essay on It is a worthy defeat I think that Iris Murdoch very controversial writer, her work, like most female authors-not exactly, not uniform and not permanently. Nope constancy as a sign of craftsmanship, though Murdoch is certainly talented and unusual . With this novel I took such stories. It was read to me about 15 years of age and was terribly scolded. I took it as a purely English tyagomotinu meaningless dialogues and mediocre story. It has been ten years We will write a custom essay sample on It is a worthy defeat Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on It is a worthy defeat Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on It is a worthy defeat Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My perception has changed. The book was bought by accident, I certainly understand the process of reading, something similar happened I have read, but!, The perception has changed. All this corresponds to the expression:. Each book has its own vozrastu-Â » The dialogues have already acquired their meaning, the story turned out to be very entertaining, the book turned out to be closer to those who like them. While certainly there is a purely English stuffing, truly British pretentiousness, affectation, but on the whole read was me with interest and perhaps just came in mine About what tells Murdoch? Shes trying to show us, that even the strongest bonds, whether the bonds of friendship, whether it ties the family, whether the bonds of love, can be easily destroyed. To do this, just need to be an experienced schemer, feel human weaknesses, to put pressure on self-esteem, self-conceit to play because people are ambitious, distrustful, Dover Alikhanyan et al The main arm, Julius King- puts experiment, playing with people as pawns, playing on their weaknesses. Win or lose, you will learn from the book, if you are interested in In my opinion, it does not quite bad books by Iris Murdoch, of course, if you are not alien to the British specification you can even have fun

Essay About Academic Success and Goals Sample

Essay About Academic Success and Goals SampleWriting an essay about academic success and goals is a difficult task. The writer must first define the academic goals, he/she needs to write a coherent essay, make connections between ideas, and relate their academic goals to the activities they are involved in. These are just some of the difficult tasks you will face while writing an essay about academic success and goals.In order to avoid these problems, write your essay as you would speak in person. First, you should define the goal you are writing about. Then, have your topic and title in front of you so that you can easily write down what the topic is.Next, you should write a clear essay. Make sure you know what you are trying to express. Do not make common mistakes when writing an essay about academic success and goals. This is the only way you can write a good essay. Once you've written your essay, you need to revise it.First, make sure you proofread your paper. Check for grammar a nd punctuation errors. As you read the paper, make sure you're able to understand it. When writing, it is important to have clear knowledge on the topic. Writing a paper without understanding what you're trying to write about is not productive.Second, make sure you have plenty of time to write your essay. To be able to write a thorough and well-researched essay, it is important to have adequate time. Make sure you set aside time for your essay to be done.Third, if you want to write an essay about academic success and goals, you should research before you begin writing. Read different topics. By reading different things, you will get ideas for your essay.Fourth, read about the subjects that you are writing about. It is also important to remember that not all things you read about will be useful to you.Lastly, make sure you write your essay quickly. If you have an essay to write, make sure you get it done as soon as possible. You can use different tools to help you speed up your essay writing: you can try using flashcards or crossword puzzles to make sure you're writing the things you should.

Roy Schender Essays - Law, Statutory Law, Free Essays, Term Papers

Roy Schender Essays - Law, Statutory Law, Free Essays, Term Papers Roy Schender The American colonies revolted against the British for a lot of reasons. America had some characteristics that made it very different from England. One would be that American had no privileged social classes like Britain. Another difference is that America had more religious diversity than Britain. Last would be that America had no urban development compared to Britain. The British imposed a lot of taxes and acts that would anger the Americans. Like the Currency act which made it so colonist had to pay using British currency for all taxes and debts. Another act that made the Americans mad was the quartering act. Which allowed British soldiers to occupy buildings and be provides with necessities. Last was the stamp act which made it so all things made of paper would be taxed. The Americans also had a lot of grievances against the king. Like cutting off the colonies ability to trade with other nations. Another would be for putting taxes on them without them having a say. Last was he got rid of colonial legislatures because they were disobeying orders. Those are some of the reasons why the American colonies revolted against the British.

Human fossils Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human fossils - Essay Example One of the species that can be related to human is the Sahelanthropus tchadensis sp. nov. with the specimen found in Chad specifically the Djurab Desert and commonly called ‘Toumai.’ The particular specimen was tentatively recognized to exist 6 to 7 million years ago (Brunet et. al. 146). The find had been astonishing according to NPR’s interview with David Kestenbaum who expressed that compared to Lucy with protruding facial anatomy which he referred to as snout, Toumai or the Sahelanthropus tchadensis sp. nov. already had a flat face which is very similar to the appearance of the humans in the modern time. This is remarkable due to the fact that the fossil is significantly older than the group where Lucy belongs, which is the A. afarensis. Compared to living apes, Sahelanthropus has ‘smaller canines and apical wear and a full occlusion.’ It is also very distinct from other recorded hominids and related genus. With other related specimens, the S. tchadensis sp. nov. has a tall facial feature with ‘massive brow ridge’ and a short mid-face (Brunet et. al. 147). The braincase indicated a brain with the same size as the Pan but smaller than that of the Gorilla and the Australopithecus (Brunet et. al. 148). The particular find is significant in the achievement of the clearer view of human evolution and the fact that there more hominids that co-existed in the early part of history, one of which can be the direct ancestor of present day humans. The Ardipithecus ramidus is another close ancestor of humans on the basis of being classified as a hominid and related to the species Australopithecus anamensis. The manner of bi-pedalism is still needed to be cleared through further discoveries of similar specimens. The brain is small or ‘pint-sized’ (Lemonick and Dorfman part 3 par. 3-6). On the other hand, the Australopithecus anamensis is recognized as a direct decendant of the A. afarensis where Lucy belongs. The

The growth of anti-capitalism in the world Research Paper

The growth of anti-capitalism in the world - Research Paper Example nti-capitalism are differentiated in countries worldwide, as explained below, it is necessary for the relevant plans to be appropriately aligned with the local culture and rules. 2. Anti-capitalism in the international community 2.1 The context of anti-capitalism Anti-capitalism is a movement trying to confront the development of capitalism, as the specific concept was described by theorists and economists worldwide. In this way, in order to identify the elements of anti-capitalism, it would be necessary to understand the characteristics and the role of capitalism. In accordance with Fabra (1993) capitalism can be defined as ‘the system enabling man to regain the full value of the product of his labor’ (Fabra 1993, 139); the above explanation is based on the terms that capital is considered as ‘the accumulated product of labor’ (Fabra 1993, 140). As explained above, capitalism leads to a series of practices for accumulating the wealth – the one spent for acquiring the product. However, the practical implications of this process are many. For this reason, capitalism has been negatively criticized, as of its involvement in the development of social inequalities. This fact is made clear in the theory of Marx, who supported that as capitalism grows, the purchasing power of laborers is reduced (Fabra 1993, 23); the increase of unemployment is, in accordance with Marx, another implication of capitalism which, in any case, is considered as quite difficult to be controlled. Currently, it seems that the above efforts towards the limitation of capitalism have been fully justified. The high increase of the power of multinational corporations has led to their independency towards the governments; in this way, the rules of trade internationally have been negatively...Anti-capitalism is a movement trying to confront the development of capitalism, as the specific concept was described by theorists and economists worldwide. In this way, in orde r to identify the elements of anti-capitalism, it would be necessary to understand the characteristics and the role of capitalism. In accordance with Fabra (1993) capitalism can be defined as ‘the system enabling man to regain the full value of the product of his labor’ (Fabra 1993, 139); the above explanation is based on the terms that capital is considered as ‘the accumulated product of labor’ (Fabra 1993, 140). As explained above, capitalism leads to a series of practices for accumulating the wealth – the one spent for acquiring the product. However, the practical implications of this process are many. For this reason, capitalism has been negatively criticized, as of its involvement in the development of social inequalities. This fact is made clear in the theory of Marx, who supported that as capitalism grows, the purchasing power of laborers is reduced (Fabra 1993, 23); the increase of unemployment is, in accordance with Marx, another implication of capitalism which, in any case, is considered as quite difficult to be controlled. Currently, it seems that the above efforts towards the limitation of capitalism have been fully justified. The high increase of the power of multinational corporations has led to their independency towards the governments; in this way, the rules of trade internationally have been negatively affected and competition, inevitably, has been harmed.

Quanitative problem statement surrounding the development of a rapid Essay

Quanitative problem statement surrounding the development of a rapid response team to reduce codes outside of the ICU - Essay Example The benefit of RRTs is that there is a drop in cardiac and respiratory arrests outside of the intensive care units (Simmonds, 2005). The scope and nature of the RRT is such that the professionals attached to the team have to be extremely competent, which means that these professionals drawn away from other areas of requirement in a health care environment. There may be an argument that the nursing actions in RRTs assist patient nurses in formulating the situation, background, assessment, and recommendation (SBAR). However this hardly diminishes that RRTs pose to nursing in terms of the lack of experience, work pressure due to high patient nurse ratio, which are factors in the high turnover among nursing professionals. It must be remembered that the nursing professionals attached to RRTs are expected to carry with them critical thinking skills, and that these nursing professionals come from non-intensive care environments, where skills and competencies are present in a much lesser deg ree than in the case of the nursing professionals in the intensive care environment. Thus it is important that appropriate education and training be given to nursing professionals before being made a part of RRTs, along with choosing the appropriate nursing professionals for such a role.

Free College Essays - Hardships in Ordinary People :: Ordinary People

Ordinary People - Hardships The theme of Ordinary People can be said best in the words of Honi Werner, " Some things cannot be foreseen or understood or blamed on anyone- they can just be endured. Love, openly shared, is the only thing one can count on to give them strength for that endurance.†   Ordinary People gives a wonderful example of real life and addresses many internal conflicts. This story about a boy's recovery after his brother's death is extremely engrossing and captivating. Throughout the entire book the reader is gradually and constantly exposed to aspects of each character's personality.   Ã‚   The characters are extremely well developed and very enthralling.   Conrad is the most complex character. Guest did a wonderful job revealing that complexity clearly. I also enjoyed the various internal conflicts that were faced. Conrad was faced with many conflicts including; dealing with his parents and friends, forgiving himself as well as others for his brother's death, and allowing himself to express emotion. These conflicts made me look carefully at some of my own problems. This book is definitely made to make people think and not simply to entertain though it accomplishes both successfully. There were few aspects of the story that I disliked. At first I was not pleased with the ending because I felt that it had no resolution. Later, I realized that Ordinary People had quite a powerful ending. I do, however, think that Guest could have given a little more background on the family and written in a way that would make it easier to understand who was speaking. This book would no t be liked and appreciated by all. Most people, however, would enjoy it because it is realistic and relative to most people's lives. This book was definitely written for a mature audience that enjoys reading about real-life circumstances. This novel makes a wonderful movie that is both powerful and sorrowful. Timothy Hutton won an Oscar for his portrayal of Conrad Jarrett. I would certainly read this book again. There are so many hidden meanings and themes that I think one would discover new insights each reading. Ordinary People is humorous, entertaining, well written and very moving. Conrad is an accurate depiction of a teenager of that time. This story makes the reader appreciate life and realize that no matter how much he wants to escape his problems and feelings, he can not run away from himself.

Assignment on Food & Beverage Operations Essay

Introduction As this is one of the most important sources to earn revenue so food and beverage operations have got great significance in hotel management and operations. Organisations in hospitality industry like hotel and resorts are paying maximum attention on food and beverage production and operations. Through this assignment several aspects associated with food and beverage department would be discussed from the view point of a food and beverage manager of a five star hotel in Manchester. After renovation food and beverage manager has been asked to review food and beverage functions of this department and along with this process food and beverage production and service system would be analysed. Proper budget and implementation of that budget would a huge challenge for the food and beverage manager of this hotel and costing and pricing would also be a challenging job after renovation. Purchasing decision would be discussed through this assignment and how those decisions could be taken for betterment of this hotel so that it can run with profitability. For this five star hotel food and beverage manager will have to manage banqueting functions and suitable menu would be essential how this menu could more effective and attractive would also be discussed through this assignment. Later on this report several issues associated with hospitality industry would be discussed such as security, health and safety and product quality and service standard. Task 1: Food and Beverage production and service systems In contemporary hospitality management there are several aspects are associated with food production and food and beverage service system. Now in this section these aspects are being discussed in follows: 1.1 Characteristics of food production and Food & Beverage service system: Demand for Food: Demand of food is not same all over the world there is seasonality of food demand. Customers might not like to eat same food again and again. Peak times of demand of food occur during breakfast, lunch and dinner time. Between these demand times there are valleys or slow times. Competitive events could also be an influential for demand of food and based on demand food production could be modified accordingly (Defranco et al 2007). Labour intensiveness of food production and service It is difficult to get service oriented hospitality people and this is the  reason why this industry is labour intensive. Employees need training and skills for both food preparation and service. Health and safety and food and hygiene certificate must be essential for the employees of this industry. Though employees need to have proper skills but in many occasions this industry needs unskilled employees and gradually they will be skilled. Perish ability of food Simultaneous production and consumption is one of the most important characteristics of food service and produced food must be kept within certain temperature. To protect food from bacteria food must be kept either below 5 degree Celsius or more than 65 degree temperature. Food must be handled properly before, during and after preparation. Changes of Menus Customers might not like same menu every time and menu should be changed on daily basis and production changes accordingly. In this context variation must be bought in food service and preparation then business would be more profitable. Figure: Food Preparation and service process (Miller, 2009) 1.2 Food and beverage service system Modern food and beverage service system could be categorised into several methods and both customers and service people are involved in the food and beverage system. Now in this section food and beverage service systems are being discussed from the view point of Dittmer, Paul R., and Gerald G. Griffin (2009): Table Service: This service includes plate service or silver service and customers are served at a laid table. Self service: Customers will be required to help themselves from a buffet or counter. Assisted service: According to this system customers are served part of the meal at a table and part is self service. Single point service: In this system customers order, pay receive food and beverage from the same point Specialised service: Through this system customers are served from the point where they are, this is also called tray service or room service or even room delivery. 1.3 Factors affecting recipes and Menu It has been discussed above that there are several food and beverage service systems and to serve customers according to these system this five star hotel must prepare menu and there are some factors must be considered while preparing menu and recipes. Now in this section these are being discussed in follows: Financial resources available: Financial condition of this hotel must be considered in this context and based on resources available menu should be prepared. Types of restaurant: This hotel has got four restaurants and according to the nature of the restaurant menus could be prepared. Guest spending power: Spending power of customers is one of the most influential factors to set menu and recipes. Food production cost: If production cost is high then profit then it would be useless to produce that food. Competitive environment: It must be given preferences to what competitors are doing and this hotel must keep competitors in account to prepare menu. Location of the restaurant: Location of the restaurant is another important aspect to prepare menu. Chefs’ skills: It must be given preference whether chefs are skilled to prepare specific menu and in this context skilled chefs should be recruited. Guest diet requirements: Some guest might ask for Halal or gluten free or dairy free meal and in this context customers’ diet requirement must be considered. 1.4 Compare the cost and staffing implication in Food and Beverage department Cost minimisation and employing right number of workforce are the crucial decision of food and beverage department for this hotel. Several types of cost are associated with food and beverage department, now in this section these aspects are being discussed according to the principles of Coltman et al (2000): Actual Cost: The actual cost is what a cost or expenses actually was, for instance the payroll records and check made out to employees will indicate the actual labour cost for payroll period. Budgeted Cost: When a cost is expected to be for a certain period of time is called budgeted cost. Controllable Cost: A cost which could be changed in the short period of time is called controllable cost. Non controllable Cost: Which cost cannot be changed in short period of time is called non controllable cost. Fixed Cost: Fixed cost is not changed according to product unit and these costs remain unchanged. Variable Cost: Variable cost could be changed according to the production unit and it increase if production is increased. Food and beverage department is sometimes depends on seasonality so staffing should  be strategic. To ensure proper operations this hotel should recruit full time, part time and casual employees. Right employees should be placed in right position. 1.5 Suitability of Systems of different food outlets There are four different food outlets are available in this hotel, what systems could be applied with each outlet being demonstrated in follows: Main Restaurant: Buffet service could be the best option to serve food from this restaurant as there would be more customers to eat food from this restaurant. Coffee Shop: Single point service would be used to serve food from this shop as there will be less staffs will be working to serve customers. Chinese Restaurant: There would be plenty alternatives for customers so again buffet service would be good for the customers as serf service would be helpful to reduce cost for this hotel. Fine Dining Restaurant: Tray service would be essential for this restaurant as customer will be given personal service. Task 2: Financial Control in Food and Beverage Operation Financial control and management would be very important aspect for this hotel as cost minimization would be given preference. Now in this section several aspects associated with financial control would be discussed: 2.1 Uses of financial statements in food and beverage department: Financial statements for this hotel could be used to understand key facts about the performance and disposition of this hotel and several decisions could be influenced by financial statements. This hotel just finished its renovation and long term decisions should be taken to improve profitability of this hotel. Now in this section needs and uses of financial statements are being discussed in follows: Financial statements could be very useful as a precise measurement of operation profit, hotel profitability and financial position could be revealed through the financial statement. After renovation how long will be taken to bring this hotel to profitability could be understood from financial statement. Current events of the hotel and production process could be monitored through the financial statement. Financial statements could also be helpful to take better decisions for the future. In decision making process financial statements could be very effective as decisions would be taken based on the financial position of the  Hotel. 2.2 Cost and Pricing process of the hotel Cost is defined as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. Food and beverage for this hotel are considered consumed then they have been used and costing would be very important to ensure profitability and hotel must ensure cost effectiveness while making decisions for the hotel especially for the food and beverage department. In costing process this formula could be used: Opening Inventory Value + Cost of Purchases – Closing Inventory Value = Usage Amount Usage Amount / Sales Revenue = Cost of Goods Sold (%)  Pricing decisions: based on situations different pricing decisions could be sued to ensure customer attraction and profitability for this hotel. There are some strategies are being discussed those could be used for this hotel: Cost Based Pricing: This method of pricing is often referred to as â€Å"’cost-plus† pricing. In its simplest form, cost-plus pricing involves hotel calculating average cost per unit and then allocating a specified mark-up, which may be related to rate of profit required by the company, to arrive at the selling price. Value Based Pricing: How much customers are willing to pay for the food this hotel is the main theme of this value based pricing. According to this strategy hotel cannot impose any price rather they can assess customers perception about the food standard and quality of this hotel. Customers feedback could be important in this aspect to set price. Competition based pricing: Competitors pricing strategy would be considered to set price according to this strategy. Service standard and product quality could also be considered in this aspect. 2.3 Steps of Purchasing Process: There are several steps are involved with purchasing process for this hotel, now in this section these steps are being discussed in follows: Figure: Purchasing Process (Chabon, 2007) Need recognition: This process begins with recognizing the need for specific product for this hotel. A problem or need can be solved by acquiring a specific product. General need description: This is description of the  general characteristics and quantity of the needed item. Emphasis here is on reliability, durability, price and other attributes desired in the item. Product specification: The item’s product specifications are analyzed and the purchasing team decides on the best product characteristics and specify them accordingly for the hotel. Supplier search: Who could be the best supplier for the food and beverage products this is carried out to find the best suppliers? Some suppliers may not be considered because they are not large enough to supply the needed quantity or because they have poor reputation. Proposal solicitation: This hotel will invite qualified suppliers to submit proposals. When the item is complex or expensive, the buyer will need detailed written proposals from each potential supplier. Supplier selection: Food and beverage department will review the proposals and select a supplier. They will consider competence of various suppliers, their ability to deliver the item on time and also deliver the necessary services. The following attributes have a strong influence on the relationship between the supplier and customer. Order routine specification: This involves preparing the final order with the chosen supplier, listing the technical specifications, quantity needed, expected time of delivery, e.t.c. Performance review: Here the hotel will review the performance of the supplier. The hotel may retain, modify, or drop the supplier in future hence the supplier should ensure that he is giving the expected satisfaction. Task 3: Menu for Hospitality Events In hospitality industry for a caterer compiling a menu is one of the most important jobs and several factors must be considered before any menu is prepared. In menu preparation what customers want should be given preference not what the caterer has got to serve. This is the situation where for a wedding reception a menu should be prepared and justification of choosing that menu. Assume this is the Pakistani wedding and guest would be Asian community. Menu must be prepared according to the choice of this community. Let’s look at the Menu first: Starters: Sheesh Kabab Chicken Roast Vegetable Samosa Main Dish Chicken Palok Beef Bhuna Nan/ Roti Brown Rice with meat Desert Gajrela Golap Jam with Ice cream Tea/ Coffee Aspects of Preparing this Menu Wedding Date: 15 September, 2014 Type of Customer: Pakistani, Indian and Asian Budget:  £13.95 Per person Diet Requirement: Halal Justification of Selection and Suitability of recipes for menu: There are several aspects are creating impact of choosing this menu, now in this section justification of using that menu is being discussed with suitability of recipes for menu: Customers Profile: Majority of the customers are Pakistani origin and while preparing menu Pakistani cuisine has been chosen. This menu has been widely preferred by Pakistani community. Customers Preference: While choosing this menu discussion with wedding reception has been conducted and according to their choice menu has been selected. Menu Choice: In this menu there would be three starters, two main dishes with rice and nun or roty and two dessert. With starter guests will get complimentary Salad and Chutney. Selection of menu with event schedule: Customers will be served during lunch time and before serving meal there would be an drinks reception and in total customers will be at the venue for 2 hours. Anticipate special needs: Customers has been asked whether there would be any special requirements such as food allergies, religious requirement and diet requirement. All meats will be halal according to the choice of customers. Comfortable room setup: Choose the appropriate room layout that supports event objectives. If as serving a meal, the tables will be filled with used dishes and glassware, in addition to binders, notepads and pens. That’s why it’s important to choose the best room setup, and allow space for people to move. Task 4: Provide Food and Beverage services for  hospitality events: Several aspects are associated with hospitality events now in this part of this report those aspects are being discussed in follows: 4.1 Food and Beverage service plan for a wedding reception: Number of Guest: 350 Budget:  £5000.00 This wedding reception for this number of people within this budget could be implemented through the following procedure: Service Name Estimated cost Remarks Cutlery & Crockery  £1.50*350 =  £525 According to Brand Standard Table Linen  £4.00*35 = 140 According to Brand Standard Chair Cover  £1.50*350 =  £525 According to Brand Standard Cloth Napkins  £175 According to Brand Standard Stage Decoration  £450 According to Brand Standard Red carpet Walkway  £270 According to Brand Standard Table Display  £210 According to Brand Standard Waiter/ Waitress  £580 According to Brand Standard Washing area  £135 According to Brand Standard Food Cost  £1500 According to Brand Standard Food Preparation Cost  £300 According to Brand Standard Total  £4810 According to Brand Standard 4.2 Steps involved with service Plan: There are several steps are associated with recommended service plan, now in this section these plans are being discussed in follows: Step 1: Book appointing of the customer Step 2: Book the Event and take deposit Step 3: Finalise stage, walkway and decoration Step 3: Ensure service people, security and entertainment Step 4: Serve People according to the Function sheet ensure quality, health and safety and security of the customers. Step 5: Get feedback from the customers. 4.3 Evaluate service and Recommendations: Communication with customers would be essential to provide excellent service and inter and intra departmental communication would be very essential in this context. Customers’ feedback would be helpful to improve service standard and quality. Cost minimisation would be essential to maximise profit margin and in this context this food and beverage department would be involve to improve service standard. To arrange such kind of events what competitors are doing and how they are service would be very essential to improve service standard. Innovative ideas should be implemented in this context. Specific demand of customers would be essential. Conclusion In food and beverage operations two things must be coherent one is food and another one is service, these two things are inextricably interrelated.  During serving food quality and quantity must be ensured. Food production and preparation must be ensured with standard. Health and safety must be ensured according to HACCAP principles. During menu preparation customers choices must be given preference. Several aspects have been discussed through this report and proper standard must be ensured throughout the process. To increase profitability of the hotel service people should give emphasize on up selling and customers attraction and satisfaction. There should not be any gap between customers’ expectations and delivered service and food. References Defranco, Agnes L., and Pender B. M. Noriega (2007) â€Å"Cost control in hospitality industry† McGraw Hill: Mason Miller, Jack E., and David V. Pavesic (2007). Menu Pricing & Strategy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Dittmer, Paul R., and Gerald G. Griffin (2009). Principles of Food, Beverage, and LaborCost Controls for Hotels and Restaurants. 6th ed. New York: John Wiley &Sons, Coltman, Michael M., and Martin G. Jagels. (2000) Hospitality Management Accounting. 7th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Chaban, Joel. (2007) Practical Foodservice Spreadsheets With Lotus 1-2-3. New York: John Wiley & Sons,